Characteristics of and Public Health Responses to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in China
Identifieur interne : 000341 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000340; suivant : 000342Characteristics of and Public Health Responses to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in China
Auteurs : Sheng-Qun Deng ; Hong-Juan PengSource :
- Journal of Clinical Medicine [ 2077-0383 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
In December 2019, cases of unidentified pneumonia with a history of exposure in the Huanan Seafood Market were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province. A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified to be accountable for this disease. Human-to-human transmission is confirmed, and this disease (named COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO)) spread rapidly around the country and the world. As of 18 February 2020, the number of confirmed cases had reached 75,199 with 2009 fatalities. The COVID-19 resulted in a much lower case-fatality rate (about 2.67%) among the confirmed cases, compared with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Among the symptom composition of the 45 fatality cases collected from the released official reports, the top four are fever, cough, short of breath, and chest tightness/pain. The major comorbidities of the fatality cases include hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and chronic bronchitis. The source of the virus and the pathogenesis of this disease are still unconfirmed. No specific therapeutic drug has been found. The Chinese Government has initiated a level-1 public health response to prevent the spread of the disease. Meanwhile, it is also crucial to speed up the development of vaccines and drugs for treatment, which will enable us to defeat COVID-19 as soon as possible.
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DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020575
PubMed: 32093211
PubMed Central: 7074453
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Characteristics of and Public Health Responses to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in China</title><author><name sortKey="Deng, Sheng Qun" sort="Deng, Sheng Qun" uniqKey="Deng S" first="Sheng-Qun" last="Deng">Sheng-Qun Deng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peng, Hong Juan" sort="Peng, Hong Juan" uniqKey="Peng H" first="Hong-Juan" last="Peng">Hong-Juan Peng</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32093211</idno><idno type="pmc">7074453</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7074453</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7074453</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/jcm9020575</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001816</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001816</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001816</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001816</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000341</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000341</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Characteristics of and Public Health Responses to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in China</title><author><name sortKey="Deng, Sheng Qun" sort="Deng, Sheng Qun" uniqKey="Deng S" first="Sheng-Qun" last="Deng">Sheng-Qun Deng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peng, Hong Juan" sort="Peng, Hong Juan" uniqKey="Peng H" first="Hong-Juan" last="Peng">Hong-Juan Peng</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Clinical Medicine</title><idno type="eISSN">2077-0383</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In December 2019, cases of unidentified pneumonia with a history of exposure in the Huanan Seafood Market were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province. A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified to be accountable for this disease. Human-to-human transmission is confirmed, and this disease (named COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO)) spread rapidly around the country and the world. As of 18 February 2020, the number of confirmed cases had reached 75,199 with 2009 fatalities. The COVID-19 resulted in a much lower case-fatality rate (about 2.67%) among the confirmed cases, compared with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Among the symptom composition of the 45 fatality cases collected from the released official reports, the top four are fever, cough, short of breath, and chest tightness/pain. The major comorbidities of the fatality cases include hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and chronic bronchitis. The source of the virus and the pathogenesis of this disease are still unconfirmed. No specific therapeutic drug has been found. The Chinese Government has initiated a level-1 public health response to prevent the spread of the disease. Meanwhile, it is also crucial to speed up the development of vaccines and drugs for treatment, which will enable us to defeat COVID-19 as soon as possible.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chan, J F" uniqKey="Chan J">J.F. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, S" uniqKey="Yuan S">S. Yuan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kok, K H" uniqKey="Kok K">K.H. Kok</name></author><author><name sortKey="To, K K" uniqKey="To K">K.K. To</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, H" uniqKey="Chu H">H. Chu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, J" uniqKey="Yang J">J. Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xing, F" uniqKey="Xing F">F. Xing</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, J" uniqKey="Liu J">J. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Clin Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Clin Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jcm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Clinical Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2077-0383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MDPI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32093211</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7074453</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/jcm9020575</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jcm-09-00575</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Characteristics of and Public Health Responses to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in China</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Deng</surname><given-names>Sheng-Qun</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-8218</contrib-id><name><surname>Peng</surname><given-names>Hong-Juan</given-names></name><xref rid="c1-jcm-09-00575" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-jcm-09-00575">Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;<email>dengshengqun@163.com</email></aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-jcm-09-00575"><label>*</label>Correspondence: <email>hongjuan@smu.edu.cn</email>; Tel.: +86-20-61648526</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>2</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>575</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>30</day><month>1</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>14</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2020 by the authors.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>).</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>In December 2019, cases of unidentified pneumonia with a history of exposure in the Huanan Seafood Market were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province. A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified to be accountable for this disease. Human-to-human transmission is confirmed, and this disease (named COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO)) spread rapidly around the country and the world. As of 18 February 2020, the number of confirmed cases had reached 75,199 with 2009 fatalities. The COVID-19 resulted in a much lower case-fatality rate (about 2.67%) among the confirmed cases, compared with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Among the symptom composition of the 45 fatality cases collected from the released official reports, the top four are fever, cough, short of breath, and chest tightness/pain. The major comorbidities of the fatality cases include hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and chronic bronchitis. The source of the virus and the pathogenesis of this disease are still unconfirmed. No specific therapeutic drug has been found. The Chinese Government has initiated a level-1 public health response to prevent the spread of the disease. Meanwhile, it is also crucial to speed up the development of vaccines and drugs for treatment, which will enable us to defeat COVID-19 as soon as possible.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>coronavirus</kwd><kwd>pneumonia</kwd><kwd>2019-nCoV</kwd><kwd>clinical characteristics</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>prevention and control</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>public health</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="jcm-09-00575-f001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Daily cumulative/emerged number of confirmed cases and fatal cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Mainland China. As of 18 February 2020, the total number of confirmed cases and deaths reached 74,185 and 2004, respectively. Since 16 February 2020, the total number of confirmed cases increased quickly; the daily emerging cases increased steadily to 3886 on February 4, and then fluctuated to 2015 on 11 February 2020; the fatality cases number increased slowly to 2004 cases on 18 February 2020. The cumulative and daily emerged cases number jumped to 59,804 and 15,152, respectively, on 12 February 2020.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jcm-09-00575-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="jcm-09-00575-f002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Clinical symptoms and comorbidities of the patients died of COVID-19. (<bold>A</bold>) Among 41 cases with fatalities, the symptoms include fever (80.5%), cough (56.1%), shortness of breath (31.7%), chest tightness/pain (24.4%), fatigue (22.0%), dyspnea (12.2%), dizziness/headache (4.9%), general pain (7.3%), and chills (4.9%). (<bold>B</bold>) Among 26 cases with fatalities, the major comorbidities are hypertension (53.8%), diabetes (42.3%), coronary heart disease (19.2%), cerebral infarction (15.4%), chronic bronchitis (19.2%), and Parkinson’s disease (7.7%). The case information is from reports released by different provincial Health Commissions, including the National Health Commission (the links are shown in <xref ref-type="app" rid="app1-jcm-09-00575">Supplementary Data 1</xref>).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jcm-09-00575-g002"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="jcm-09-00575-t001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">jcm-09-00575-t001_Table 1</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>The key information about the coronavirus infection outbreaks.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Coronavirus Infection Outbreak</th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">Total Confirm Cases</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Median Age (Years Old)</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Number of Deaths</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Case-Fatality Rate (%)</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Countries Reported Cases</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">References</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female (%)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">COVID-19<break></break>(November 2019–18 February 2020)</td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">75,199</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">55.5 *</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">2009</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">2.67<break></break>11.0 *</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">26</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B10-jcm-09-00575" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>]<break></break>[<xref rid="B4-jcm-09-00575" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32 *</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67 *</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">SARS<break></break>(November 2002–July 2003)</td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">8098</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">41.3</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">774</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">9.60</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">26</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">WHO [<xref rid="B11-jcm-09-00575" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">MERS<break></break>(April 2012–November 2019)</td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">2494</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">52.8</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">858</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">34.4</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">27</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">WHO [<xref rid="B12-jcm-09-00575" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73.7</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; SARS: severe acute respiratory syndrome; MERS: Middle East respiratory syndrome; WHO, World Health Organization. * Data are from reference [<xref rid="B4-jcm-09-00575" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>].</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="jcm-09-00575-t002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">jcm-09-00575-t002_Table 2</object-id><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Responsibilities for the different organizations at all (province, city, county, district, township, and street) levels in the outbreak of COVID-19.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="top" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Organization at all Levels</th><th align="left" valign="top" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Health Administration Department</th><th align="left" valign="top" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Center for Diseases Control</th><th align="left" valign="top" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Medical Institutions</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Objectives</bold></td><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">To timely find and report the <bold>COVID-19</bold> cases, understand the disease characteristics and possible sources of infection, standardize the management of close contacts, and prevent the spread of the epidemic.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Responsibilities</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overall guidance of epidemic control, organizing a technical expert group for prevention and control; formulation and improvement of relevant work and technical schemes, and implementation of funds and materials for disease prevention and control; tracking and management of close contacts.</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Organization, coordination, supervision, and evaluation of the monitoring work; collection, analysis, report, and feedback of the monitoring data; epidemiological investigation; strengthening laboratory testing ability, bio-safety protection awareness, and technical training; carrying out health education and publicity and risk communication to the public.</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Case detection and report, isolation, diagnosis, and treatment; clinical management and prevention and control of nosocomial infections; sample collection and detection, and training of medical staff in the institution.</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Deng, Sheng Qun" sort="Deng, Sheng Qun" uniqKey="Deng S" first="Sheng-Qun" last="Deng">Sheng-Qun Deng</name><name sortKey="Peng, Hong Juan" sort="Peng, Hong Juan" uniqKey="Peng H" first="Hong-Juan" last="Peng">Hong-Juan Peng</name></noCountry></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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